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Digital content services provide users with a wide range of content, such as news, articles, or movies, while monetizing their content through various business models and promotional methods. Unfortunately, poorly designed or unpro- tected business logic can be circumvented by malicious users, which is known as business flow tampering. Such flaws can severely harm the businesses of digital content service providers. In this paper, we propose an automated approach that discov- ers business flow tampering flaws. Our technique automatically runs a web service to cover different business flows (e.g., a news website with vs. without a subscription paywall) to collect execution traces. We perform differential analysis on the execution traces to identify divergence points that determine how the business flow begins to differ, and then we test to see if the divergence points can be tampered with. We assess our approach against 352 real-world digital content service providers and discover 315 flaws from 204 websites, including TIME, Fortune, and Forbes. Our evaluation result shows that our technique successfully identifies these flaws with low false-positive and false- negative rates of 0.49% and 1.44%, respectively.more » « less
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Thomasson, J. Alex; Torres-Rua, Alfonso F. (Ed.)sUAS (small-Unmanned Aircraft System) and advanced surface energy balance models allow detailed assessment and monitoring (at plant scale) of different (agricultural, urban, and natural) environments. Significant progress has been made in the understanding and modeling of atmosphere-plant-soil interactions and numerical quantification of the internal processes at plant scale. Similarly, progress has been made in ground truth information comparison and validation models. An example of this progress is the application of sUAS information using the Two-Source Surface Energy Balance (TSEB) model in commercial vineyards by the Grape Remote sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration eXperiment - GRAPEX Project in California. With advances in frequent sUAS data collection for larger areas, sUAS information processing becomes computationally expensive on local computers. Additionally, fragmentation of different models and tools necessary to process the data and validate the results is a limiting factor. For example, in the referred GRAPEX project, commercial software (ArcGIS and MS Excel) and Python and Matlab code are needed to complete the analysis. There is a need to assess and integrate research conducted with sUAS and surface energy balance models in a sharing platform to be easily migrated to high performance computing (HPC) resources. This research, sponsored by the National Science Foundation FAIR Cyber Training Fellowships, is integrating disparate software and code under a unified language (Python). The Python code for estimating the surface energy fluxes using TSEB2T model as well as the EC footprint analysis code for ground truth information comparison were hosted in myGeoHub site https://mygeohub.org/ to be reproducible and replicable.more » « less
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